No, and that would make a great empirical study. (Maybe there has been one! I should check ISMM over the past decade, someone may have done it already.) From f

No, and that would make a great empirical study. (Maybe there has been one! I should check ISMM over the past decade, someone may have done it already.) From first principles, the biggest difference is that manual memory allocation can't move live objects around. But manual memory managers do still have the ability to be smart on deallocation, to the point that calling free will sometimes cause things to happen that would be similar in a garbage collector.