Obviously the author means inflation exceeding the 2% target that various central banks agree is necessary for a healthy economy: > Since the 1990s central ban

Obviously the author means inflation exceeding the 2% target that various central banks agree is necessary for a healthy economy: > Since the 1990s central banks have been given the target of keeping inflation low. 2% has been the goal. But in practice as this diagram shows, the trend was already strongly downward before central banks were given this goal. If you want to argue that 2% is too high then feel free to do that. But it’s not helpful (to you or other commenters) to take the most facile and ignorant reading of the article possible, and then wonder why the first chart “contradicts” the author.