I would strongly recommend against generalizing a study about WFH in Japan to the rest of the world. Japan's working culture is unique (and uniquely fucked up).

I would strongly recommend against generalizing a study about WFH in Japan to the rest of the world. Japan's working culture is unique (and uniquely fucked up). WFH is severely stigmatized, and even working from the office is entirely unlike what western workers are likely to be used to for most Japanese employees. 80+ hour work weeks are the norm, and the productivity does not reflect the time spent. It's common to sleep at your desk or on the train just to have the appearance of being more committed to the company. Working for many Japanese companies is more like a lifestyle than a job. It can occupy your entire waking life.