I could probably have been more specific. What I mean by lack of clarity is that Kay in 1998 thinks that messaging is the key idea, and suggests that was alway

I could probably have been more specific. What I mean by lack of clarity is that Kay in 1998 thinks that messaging is the key idea, and suggests that was always the key idea. But none of the historical sources I've seen suggest he was clearly and consistently saying that in the 70s. That's really a minor point, it does nothing to invalidate Kay's contributions. You can design a system that has value, and only later find the best way to talk about its value. That happens constantly: people create something and then end up saying "in hindsight, I got X right and Y wrong" or "back then, I knew this worked, but it was only later that I knew why". It doesn't disprove the idea that focusing on messaging gives you the best version of OOP. It doesn't even disprove that "real" OOP is about messaging (though I think that argument has a high bar to clear--most terms are messy). What it does disprove is that messaging has a right to be the core of OOP because Alan Kay defined it that way back in the 70s. P.S. Maybe the title isn't ideal, but Hillel was literally reacting to someone who said Alan Kay invented objects: https://lobste.rs/s/8yohqt/alan_kay_oo_programming#c_5xo7on https://lobste.rs/s/8yohqt/alan_kay_oo_programming#c_5xo7on. Actually, that might be a better source than what I linked to, because it marshals more evidence that Kay was not consistently saying "messaging is what matters" during the 70s. He may have believed it, he may have said it sometimes, but he wasn't consistent about it. Again, that's not a criticism of Kay, except the super mild one that his 90s/2000s memory of what he said 20 years earlier wasn't perfect. But I forget shit I said last week, so I'm not gonna judge.