4 ms·
Not exactly: if you had a kg of free protons and a kg of free electrons, the electromagnetic forces between them would dwarf the gravitational forces between th
by cbkeller 6y ago
Not exactly: if you had a kg of free protons and a kg of free electrons, the electromagnetic forces between them would dwarf the gravitational forces between them even at macroscopic distances. By a lot, as Feynman liked to note in his Lectures [0,1]. It’s just hard to get a kg of free protons exactly because the forces involved are so large. So charges tend to pair up and screen [2], which just camouflages the true strength of the force.
For the strong force the situation is the same in a sense, if you had a kg each of quarks of different colors — except you literally can’t have that, because the energy involved in separating a pair of quarks is so large that it actually causes two new quarks to snap into existence and pair off with the two you were trying to separate before you can separate them on anything approaching macroscopic scales [3]. So the strong force is obligatorily screened (camouflaged) at long distances, but only because it is so strong.
The kg-of-protons experiment on the other hand you could do in principle, it would just probably be better if you didn’t.
[0] https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_01.html https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_01.html
[1] https://sieste.wordpress.com/2012/04/22/feynmans-electric-force-analogy/ https://sieste.wordpress.com/2012/04/22/feynmans-electric-fo...
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric-field_screening https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric-field_screening
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_confinement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_confinement
- povik 6y agoTo nitpick here: You need less than kilogram of electrons to screen a kilogram of protons (roughly 2 grams it seems)
- cbkeller 6y agoQuite true! I thought about saying “kg of positrons and kg of electrons” or such so that the mass/charge ratio would be more equivalent.
- jschwartzi 6y agoYou're actually looking for a mol of electrons and a mol of protons.
- benlivengood 6y ago> The kg-of-protons experiment on the other hand you could do in principle, it would just probably be better if you didn’t. What if you want to build a fusion reactor? For now neutrons have to be along for the ride but that's only because we can't squish and heat plain protons hard enough.
- cbkeller 6y agoIn that case, go for it ;)