There's only a few areas where Google really was a threat to early-stage startups. The things they're great at by simply being such a behemoth with a ton of in

There's only a few areas where Google really was a threat to early-stage startups. The things they're great at by simply being such a behemoth with a ton of infrastructure willing to give away a lot for free or where their AI expertise comes in handy. Search, obviously. The ads network. Competitors for Gmail are way smaller but they exist, since you don't need network effect, thankfully. Google Photos – I knew a startup that was developing a similar product for a year and then Photos launches and they decided to give up, because they couldn't match the free tier or provide enough justification for a paid product. Of course you need to be giant to take a shot at something like Stadia. But you can compete with almost everything else. Notion, Airtable and Coda are fine, even though it'd be smart for Google to finally add a new, more modern product to Workplace. Google Tasks hasn't killed a single task manager. Google+ killed neither Facebook nor Snapchat. Just read some stories from the founder of Waze: https://marker.medium.com/why-theres-no-such-thing-as-a-startup-within-a-big-company-c3003615f3bc https://marker.medium.com/why-theres-no-such-thing-as-a-star...