For what it's worth, the 2008 article OP references specifically mentions technology to significantly reduce the pollution from 2 stroke engines. This technolog

For what it's worth, the 2008 article OP references specifically mentions technology to significantly reduce the pollution from 2 stroke engines. This technology has since been widely adopted in the scooter industry. Modern scooters pollute less per mile than the average single occupant car. https://www.motorscooterguide.net/do-scooters-pollute-more-than-cars/ https://www.motorscooterguide.net/do-scooters-pollute-more-t...