3 ms·

"...The optical phenomenon occurs because rays of light are bent when they pass through air layers of different temperatures in a steep thermal inversion where

by midrus 6y ago

"...The optical phenomenon occurs because rays of light are bent when they pass through air layers of different temperatures in a steep thermal inversion where an atmospheric duct has formed..." To me that's the most Men In Black explanation I've ever heard. Definitely confirms this is aliens.

Gupie 6y ago
Or proof the earth is flat.
- saalweachter 6y ago
  Nah, they're just sailing to Valinor.
dbetteridge 6y ago
Basically the layers of air above the water have slight variations (temperature, humidity, pressure) between them in such a way that they each have a small change in refractive index that over a distance bends light upwards. Then you have another group of layers of air further up in the 'marine boundary layer' that bends the light back towards the waters surface. This is called an 'atmospheric duct' and is somewhat similar in the effect to a fibre optic cable. Poor mans source: I wrote my thesis 5+ years ago on refractive effects in the maritime boundary layer [1] [1] https://ceed.wa.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/DSTO-Refractive-Effects-in-Maritime-Boundary-Layer-Daniel-Betteridge.pdf https://ceed.wa.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/DSTO-Refra...
- djrogers 6y ago
  Agent D, you're making it worse...
moron4hire 6y ago
You can confirm it at home https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=968gVUAY9Mg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=968gVUAY9Mg
btilly 6y ago
Here is a lay explanation. Light travels at different speeds in different substances. But it always takes a path that is locally fastest - meaning that any nearby path would be slower. (This is called the Fermat principle.) You can see this principle at work when you put a stick into water. Because light travels more slowly in water, the light first heads mostly straight up, then bends when it hits the air. The result is that light does not travel a straight path to your eye. Which means that the part of the stick in the water looks like it is where the light comes out of the water, rather than where the stick is. As a result you can see the stick visibly bend. Now what is happening here is that you have a layer of warm air over cold air. Light travels faster in warm air. (That is because as air warms it expands, making it less dense. Less dense means that there is less getting in the way of the light and it can move faster.) Therefore that fastest path is for the light to go up into the warm air, go along the warm air, and then dive back down to your eyes. In many places you can see the reverse of this on hot days where hot ground makes for a hot air layer next to the ground. When the conditions are right the light from the sky can reach your eyes by skimming along the ground, and you get blue patches in the ground. In a desert this can look like water in the distance.
- cevn 6y ago
  OK so, that's how the air ripples work for heat... because of the density of the air. It makes me wonder, if you had a 10 inch globe of vacuum suspended in air, how different looking thru it would appear vs the air. It seems like you might be able to detect it via sight alone.
  - FreeFull 6y ago
    Yeah, it'd definitely be visible. I imagine it'd be like looking at an air bubble while underwater, in terms of refraction, except that air doesn't have surface tension so the boundary wouldn't look quite the same.
  - dredmorbius 6y ago
    That's what a visible shockwave from an explosion is. Light bending through sharp pressure discontinuities. https://i.redd.it/jbx7x4a66em21.jpg https://i.redd.it/jbx7x4a66em21.jpg https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_31RYF3p42E/maxresdefault.jpg https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_31RYF3p42E/maxresdefault.jpg http://waitbutwhy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/explosion-in-super-slow-motion-to-see-the-destructive-power-of-the-shockwave-in-action..gif http://waitbutwhy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/explosion-i... The vapour cloud which often forms occurs in saturated air as a partial vacuum forms behind the shockwave: https://frontlinevideos.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/massive-car-bomb_525595f2-05d3-488f-89bc-9a34aa5c41e0.jpg https://frontlinevideos.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/massi... https://media.tenor.com/images/a6572b4115f67f2aeea90c529d598741/tenor.gif https://media.tenor.com/images/a6572b4115f67f2aeea90c529d598...

by midrus 6y ago

Gupie 6y ago

Or proof the earth is flat.

saalweachter 6y ago
Nah, they're just sailing to Valinor.

dbetteridge 6y ago

Basically the layers of air above the water have slight variations (temperature, humidity, pressure) between them in such a way that they each have a small change in refractive index that over a distance bends light upwards. Then you have another group of layers of air further up in the 'marine boundary layer' that bends the light back towards the waters surface. This is called an 'atmospheric duct' and is somewhat similar in the effect to a fibre optic cable. Poor mans source: I wrote my thesis 5+ years ago on refractive effects in the maritime boundary layer [1] [1] https://ceed.wa.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/DSTO-Refractive-Effects-in-Maritime-Boundary-Layer-Daniel-Betteridge.pdf https://ceed.wa.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/DSTO-Refra...

djrogers 6y ago
Agent D, you're making it worse...

moron4hire 6y ago

You can confirm it at home https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=968gVUAY9Mg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=968gVUAY9Mg

btilly 6y ago

Here is a lay explanation. Light travels at different speeds in different substances. But it always takes a path that is locally fastest - meaning that any nearby path would be slower. (This is called the Fermat principle.) You can see this principle at work when you put a stick into water. Because light travels more slowly in water, the light first heads mostly straight up, then bends when it hits the air. The result is that light does not travel a straight path to your eye. Which means that the part of the stick in the water looks like it is where the light comes out of the water, rather than where the stick is. As a result you can see the stick visibly bend. Now what is happening here is that you have a layer of warm air over cold air. Light travels faster in warm air. (That is because as air warms it expands, making it less dense. Less dense means that there is less getting in the way of the light and it can move faster.) Therefore that fastest path is for the light to go up into the warm air, go along the warm air, and then dive back down to your eyes. In many places you can see the reverse of this on hot days where hot ground makes for a hot air layer next to the ground. When the conditions are right the light from the sky can reach your eyes by skimming along the ground, and you get blue patches in the ground. In a desert this can look like water in the distance.

cevn 6y ago
OK so, that's how the air ripples work for heat... because of the density of the air. It makes me wonder, if you had a 10 inch globe of vacuum suspended in air, how different looking thru it would appear vs the air. It seems like you might be able to detect it via sight alone.
- FreeFull 6y ago
  Yeah, it'd definitely be visible. I imagine it'd be like looking at an air bubble while underwater, in terms of refraction, except that air doesn't have surface tension so the boundary wouldn't look quite the same.
- dredmorbius 6y ago
  That's what a visible shockwave from an explosion is. Light bending through sharp pressure discontinuities. https://i.redd.it/jbx7x4a66em21.jpg https://i.redd.it/jbx7x4a66em21.jpg https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_31RYF3p42E/maxresdefault.jpg https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_31RYF3p42E/maxresdefault.jpg http://waitbutwhy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/explosion-in-super-slow-motion-to-see-the-destructive-power-of-the-shockwave-in-action..gif http://waitbutwhy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/explosion-i... The vapour cloud which often forms occurs in saturated air as a partial vacuum forms behind the shockwave: https://frontlinevideos.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/massive-car-bomb_525595f2-05d3-488f-89bc-9a34aa5c41e0.jpg https://frontlinevideos.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/massi... https://media.tenor.com/images/a6572b4115f67f2aeea90c529d598741/tenor.gif https://media.tenor.com/images/a6572b4115f67f2aeea90c529d598...