In computing history claims like "first" and "commercial success" need to be qualified and defined, and therein things become difficult since timing and thresho

In computing history claims like "first" and "commercial success" need to be qualified and defined, and therein things become difficult since timing and thresholds matter to meet a generally acceptable standard of either claim. In the 1960s, several companies were selling commercial database management systems (as a distinct product), for example: IBM IMS, Univac DMS and General Electric IDS. These ideas were established to a level that there was a database standard committee known as CODASYL active from 1959 onward. There is a good overview of the 1960s here: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-0-387-34741-7_4.pdf https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-0-387-3474...