The "except when required to protect public safety" clause renders that section inoperative because every political movement, army, and police force that uses v

The "except when required to protect public safety" clause renders that section inoperative because every political movement, army, and police force that uses violence will always characterize it as defensive and necessary no matter how obscene and criminal it is. That said, defensive struggle is a real thing, but difficult to enforce via license or even via Article II of the UN Charter.