So batteries are a problem because they wear easily. This could be addressed in the future with eg. supercapacitors and other durable batteries technology, but

So batteries are a problem because they wear easily. This could be addressed in the future with eg. supercapacitors and other durable batteries technology, but can be mitigated in the meantime by making batteries replaceable. For the other components, i don't see any reason they couldn't last over a decade. Even if a single component fails (eg. touchscreen) it should be easily replaceable, and your device could be good to go for another ten years. But to be fair, if all products lasted 10 years, that would be considerably better than the present situation (though not nearly enough).