Indeed, it is impossible to learn anything "from data". Data is just measurement of observable variables. A prior model of the meaning of those measurements is

Indeed, it is impossible to learn anything "from data". Data is just measurement of observable variables. A prior model of the meaning of those measurements is required first to parse them into a coherent "observational model"; and then many prior models is required to parse into a representational model. Few, if any extant "AI" systems are able to take the latter step, not least, as it requires more than measurements of the target system which are always ambiguous. (In particular, it requires a coordinated body).