Also worth mentioning that the tooling and language follows the culture to a degree. Java has incredibly high quality tooling because the engineering culture d

Also worth mentioning that the tooling and language follows the culture to a degree. Java has incredibly high quality tooling because the engineering culture demands it. (also they tend to pay for it which creates a market. I myself pay maybe ~$400/yr total for my professional tools, Jetbrains Toolbox, Yourkit, etc) The changes to the language and runtime also follow from this. I would say Java and it's periphery ecosystems show the most promise in 2020 bar maybe Rust. There is also great things going on in C#/.NET space but I'm less involved there than I was previously so can't speak to how fast it's moving.