Entities aren't out of the picture: those "damagable.damage_this_frame" and "movable.velocity_this_frame" attributes need to be assigned in a previous step, wit

Entities aren't out of the picture: those "damagable.damage_this_frame" and "movable.velocity_this_frame" attributes need to be assigned in a previous step, with lookups from component to entity and from entity to component. For example, a collision detection and handling step could iterate over all physical objects and, in case they collide, assign damage to the damageable component of the same entity and/or alter velocity of the movable component of the same entity (if appropriate).