Turbo codes and low density parity check codes are two classes of iteratively-decoded capacity approaching codes, amongst others. Ironically, LDPC was actually

Turbo codes and low density parity check codes are two classes of iteratively-decoded capacity approaching codes, amongst others. Ironically, LDPC was actually developed in the 60s by Robert Gallagher, but were reinvented in the 90s when the decoding was practical. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_parity-check_code https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_parity-check_code