The focus should be on the effects, not on the medium. A concerted attack that targets infrastructure, for example a nuclear power station or the national power

The focus should be on the effects, not on the medium. A concerted attack that targets infrastructure, for example a nuclear power station or the national power grid, should be considered an act of war. But an attack against email accounts will generally fall under the category of espionage. To call theft of information an act of war would seem to be yet another excuse to go out starting new wars.