Additionally, transistors can experience aging through various mechanisms [1], some of which are permanent and some of which can be fixed with a reset. Most man

Additionally, transistors can experience aging through various mechanisms [1], some of which are permanent and some of which can be fixed with a reset. Most manifest via a shift in threshold voltage of the transistors, which can impact the operating frequency of chips or stability of sensitive circuits such as memory cells. When ICs are designed they usually have a lifetime operating profile, i.e 5y or 10y with max voltage and operation for x% of that lifetime at a given temperature. Simulations are then run pre and post degradation to ensure requirements can be met. Different fabs such as tsmc and samsung will provide models/info for the transistor aging as part of their design tool kits. [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_aging https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_aging