good question about baseline infrastructure energy cost > >I always see people referring to the energy consumption of bitcoin as though it’s strictly additive.

good question about baseline infrastructure energy cost > >I always see people referring to the energy consumption of bitcoin as though it’s strictly additive. What I’d be interested to know is how it compares relative to energy costs for transacting with and securing fiat currencies. the base load of the combined major central banks, transfer networks and custodial institutions is undoubtedly considerable not least I'm thinking how much still runs on Itanium and OPENVMS. Just ten years ago I would have wagered the majority is on Itanium running vms or nonstop or the Honeywell legacies virtualized by Unisys. now a significant UK clearing bank ( at clear.bank) has run on Azure with white label customers who would have brought plenty of attention in the event of any problems, I'm no longer sure at all that I have any real idea what infrastructure is on. re the energy costs of the network and that growth, I'm baffled - surely bitcoin should have moved to a custody model of settlement in view of the energy and other costs and risks of on chain transactions by now?