i’ve use Java C++ and Objective-C and by far the best approach to errors has been Objective-C’s NSError* out parameters. They're strings. They’re chain-able. T

i’ve use Java C++ and Objective-C and by far the best approach to errors has been Objective-C’s NSError* out parameters. They're strings. They’re chain-able. They’re visible. They’re hard to ignore. They don’t propagate or crash unless you want them to.