> now everything has to be boxed [...] every access has an indirection, etc. The article makes clear that it is speaking of compiler intermediate representatio

> now everything has to be boxed [...] every access has an indirection, etc. The article makes clear that it is speaking of compiler intermediate representations. Those are pretty much by definition boxed, linked data structures that live on the heap. > Migrating some C++ code from OOP inheritance to variant-like stack-allocated value types has always resulted in n-fold improvements to runtime performance in my case. Was this in the context of processing some form of programming language IR?