I'm German, can confirm the replacements you mention is universally understood here. In case you ever want to type German, have a look at using the US-Int layo

I'm German, can confirm the replacements you mention is universally understood here. In case you ever want to type German, have a look at using the US-Int layout on your US keyboard. It adds keyboard combinations like Alt+S = ß, "+U = Ü etc. It is a little cumbersome, but probably good enough for occasional foreign languages.