From the PDF: > But in spite of this fuzziness, I think it is possible to outline a list of features that are typical of what I would like to call Ur-Fascism,

From the PDF: > But in spite of this fuzziness, I think it is possible to outline a list of features that are typical of what I would like to call Ur-Fascism, or Eternal Fascism. These features cannot be organized into a system; many of them contradict each other, and are also typical of other kinds of despotism or fanaticism. But it is enough that one of them be present to allow fascism to coagulate around it. Think of these not as "prerequisites for Facism", but rather, "common features of many Fascist societies, systems and beliefs". Of course, this is just one view in an actively studied subject. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism has a survey of various perspectives. Somewhat related: This video essay on the relation of modernist and fascist art was where I first encountered this essay. While I don't agree with all of the author's conclusions, I found it an enjoyable and thought-provoking watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5DqmTtCPiQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5DqmTtCPiQ