Voluntary transactions that are profit maximising and benefit both parties can still be unfair. For instance, most people accept that for the same job and all

Voluntary transactions that are profit maximising and benefit both parties can still be unfair. For instance, most people accept that for the same job and all things being equal you should pay a black/white person the same wage. If there was a job posting that said ‘we pay this skin colour X and this skin colour Y because according to our analysis people with darker skin tones are willing to accept a lower wage’ there would rightfully be outrage. It would be unfair, while being a voluntary transaction which is profit maximising and in which both parties benefit. I know you aren’t arguing for that though - we accept as a society that we shouldn’t pay people different based on race, but lots of people do believe that we should pay people differently based on where they were born and what visa status they hold. I personally think this view will change over time as globalisation and remote working continues.