"Phase Estimation" -- is my key phrase; my key takeaway -- from this article... Using that as a starting point, I found this: https://web.stanford.edu/~yzliao

"Phase Estimation" -- is my key phrase; my key takeaway -- from this article... Using that as a starting point, I found this: https://web.stanford.edu/~yzliao/pub/master_thesis.pdf https://web.stanford.edu/~yzliao/pub/master_thesis.pdf >"The estimation of the frequency and phase of a complex exponential in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a fundamental and well-studied problem in signal processing and communications. Its numerous applications include carrier recovery in a communication system [1], determination of the object position in radar and sonar systems [2, 3], estimation of the heart rate of a fetus in biomedicine [4], and carrier synchronization in a distributed beamforming system [5]. Regardless of the application, poor estimation can lead to disastrous results. For example, in communication system, with the poor carrier frequency estimate, the down-converter may not be able to demodulate the passband signal to baseband [1]. In the smart antenna system and speech processing system, a poor phase estimator may cause the system to fail to identify the direction of arrival of the signal [6, 7]."