Non-rhetorically, I'd encourage you to look at which vaccines we're missing and why. Do any of those apply to COVID19? Early vaccines were made in the scientif

Non-rhetorically, I'd encourage you to look at which vaccines we're missing and why. Do any of those apply to COVID19? Early vaccines were made in the scientific equivalents of modern basements and worked adequately well. Influenza vaccines come out each year like clockwork. There are plenty of vaccines which just aren't rocket science, including for virtually all major historical viral diseases which wiped out or crippled large numbers of people. And then there are ones like AIDS. With COVID19, as far as I can tell, virtually all reasonable vaccine candidates DID work, and it was mostly a question of how quickly and how well. I'm much more excited about a 95% effective shot than a 60% effective one. The Moderna one was developed, quite literally, overnight. Once Moderna had the sequence, they had a (later proven working) vaccine candidate more-or-less instantly, in January, long before they'd seen the virus live, let alone had a way to check that it worked. Did you see many /failed/ COVID19 vaccines? I saw a few /worse/ vaccine candidates. A couple failed in some populations (e.g. Sanofi worked well for younger people, but not older). Some didn't have competitive effectiveness (e.g. Merck, presumably, but they didn't release enough to know when I last looked). Some had side effects (UQ/CSL would cause people to fail AIDS tests later). Etc. I think all of these will compete for some of the logistics chains as the winners, so it doesn't make sense to push with /less effective/ vaccines. My general impression is that COVID19, at least unmutated, is not hard to make effective vaccines for. There are questions about longevity and mutations, but for now, I can see the sticking-peptides-up-nose approach potentially working. I mean, compare that to early vaccine efforts like variolation (which worked), or the whole flu of 1918 vaccine effort (which didn't). Disclaimer: Not an MD or biologist.