Treating this as a binary question isn't useful for discussion. A better question would be "what percentage of the people who built the pyramids were slaves?".

Treating this as a binary question isn't useful for discussion. A better question would be "what percentage of the people who built the pyramids were slaves?". There will be semantic arguments about the definition of "slavery" in Egypt, but slavery did exist there in various forms [1]. Some people building the pyramids would have had a free choice about whether they wanted to work such as the skilled craftsman, bakers, etc. But others would have been chattel slaves, indentured servants, serfs, and other forms of laborers that didn't have a choice. At a minimum, they would be wage slaves since ancient Egypt didn't have a proper social safety net to deal with the economic cycles caused by the flooding of the Nile. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Egypt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Egypt