- Grapheme: simply any symbol or character used in a script - Morpheme: the fundamental unit of meaning in a language, any part of speech whose meaning cannot

- Grapheme: simply any symbol or character used in a script - Morpheme: the fundamental unit of meaning in a language, any part of speech whose meaning cannot be further subdivided “sleepwalkers” is thus composed of four morphemes: ”sleep”, “walk”, “er”, and “s”. - Allomorph: a different pronunciation of a same morpheme, typically dictated by grammatical or phonological reasons. The English words “a” and “an” are allomorphs. - Mora: a unit of timing that is relevant to the phonology of some languages. English is intuitively divided into syllables by it's speakers, which is a structural unit built around a syllabic nucleus, in English' case a vowel; Japanese is intuitively divided into moræ by it's speakers, which is a unit of time. English speakers typically find it hard to count moræ; Japanese speakers find it hard to count syllables. In Chinese, moræ and syllables are one and the same, with each syllable being pronounced in the same length; in English syllables have variable length with stressed syllables being longer, and mor constantly spaced apart compared to unstressed syllables and the vowel of the syllable also influences the length with some vowels being longer than others. - Phoneme: the fundamental unit of sound in a language. The English word “English” is composed of the phonemes: /I ng g l I S/ with each phoneme separated by spaces. Different languages differ in what they consider different phonemes. Most famously, Japanese considers what English considers as two different phonemes in /r/ and /l/ as one and the same phoneme, thus Japanese speakers find it difficult to hear the difference between the English words “root” /r u t/ and “loot” /l u t/. I think that covers it all.