If you're not using docker then you're building in production instead of in CI. Also, that means you're maintaining a deployment instead of building a fresh one

If you're not using docker then you're building in production instead of in CI. Also, that means you're maintaining a deployment instead of building a fresh one every time you deploy. This means leftover files will pile up and that is certainly not tested upstream at any time: tests run on fresh ephemeral deployments in general.