The process of photolithography [1] involves a lot of complex optics, and interestingly you find a lot of lens manufacturers involved in it since it involves a

The process of photolithography [1] involves a lot of complex optics, and interestingly you find a lot of lens manufacturers involved in it since it involves a lot of steps where light (e.g. lasers in this case) gets passed through a set of very precise optics until it hits the wafer and etches in the correct pattern from a larger 'reference copy'. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolithography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photolithography