I've always wondered, how exactly games do this. Do you have at least one "write" state and one "read" state, so that the simulation can write during its update

I've always wondered, how exactly games do this. Do you have at least one "write" state and one "read" state, so that the simulation can write during its update and the renderer can read the previous state independently? I think copying the write state to the read state would probably take some time in a Factorio "gigafactory", while the renderer only has to access a tiny part of the state most of the time.