Object oriented programming is not about defining classes. It's about using objects. You don't have to define new classes to do OOP. Just use existing classes a

Object oriented programming is not about defining classes. It's about using objects. You don't have to define new classes to do OOP. Just use existing classes and objects polymorphically! url_layout.format() resp.raise_for_status() resp.json() session.add() All those calls are dynamically dispatched - the essence of object oriented programming. This is what allows you to not worry about: * which string implementation `url_layout` uses * which HTTP protocol, encryption, authentication, chunking `resp` uses * what database is connected to `session` You cannot avoid using objects - that's how all modern operating systems work. Using classes without the need to call them polimorphically just as a nice namespace for methods is a separate issue.