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I believe the Culture is credited as having creating the ring in Consider Phlebas.

• mkl 6y ago
  Do you mean Vavatch, that was scheduled for destruction? That was Culture, but an Orbital.
  • arethuza 6y ago
    Vavatch was destroyed by a militarised Culture GSV but it wasn't "owned" by the Culture.
    • p_l 6y ago
      Vavatch was, IIRC (I'd have to search through) built by Culture, but since then ceded, similarly the ships that helped evacuate it