I'd agree these are all valid, and not mutually exclusive. ie, as a junior dev use some discretion based on what type of issue you're facing, as a manager set t

I'd agree these are all valid, and not mutually exclusive. ie, as a junior dev use some discretion based on what type of issue you're facing, as a manager set the tone and if needed give the offer some guidance on when to struggle for a bit, when to ask, and when to take a break (still such an underrated strategy!). This is one of those problems that only gets solved when both parties understand the solution though. In other words a developer can have a good grasp of how question-asking should work, but despite a lot of lip service, this manager or the next might not get it. And vice versa managers/devs.