That's not because of lacking rigour, but because of complexity! You cannot, in general, predict arbitrary program properties without running programs, that's

That's not because of lacking rigour, but because of complexity! You cannot, in general, predict arbitrary program properties without running programs, that's the essence of Rice's theorem [1]. By the famous Universal Approximation Theorems for neural networks, in general, NNs are Turing complete, which precludes general and simple mathematical "silver bullets" that will help you overcome those challenges. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%27s_theorem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice%27s_theorem