The guidelines are pretty simple. Congress can admit a state by simple majority. https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleiv#section3 https://www.law.co

The guidelines are pretty simple. Congress can admit a state by simple majority. https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleiv#section3 https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleiv#section3 As to what you consider a "false positive" state, that's a political question, and apportionment is not the only political consideration. Congress is just about the best option we have for settling such complex, interstate questions. Moreover, the US has always had lopsided state populations. The 65:1 apportionment population ratio between California and Wyoming (https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2010/data/apportionment/apport2010-table1.pdf https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2010/data...) is definitely big, but it's still within an order of magnitude of where we started in 1789. The first (pre-Census) apportionment, hard-coded in Article 1, Section 2, had a 10:1 Virginia:Rhode Island ratio in the House: https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section2 https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section2 After the first Census, the largest difference ratio of apportionment population (i.e. population after implementing the 3/5 compromise, excluding "Indians not taxed", etc.) was about 11:1, between Virginia and Rhode Island: https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/ApportionmentInformation-1790Census.pdf https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/ApportionmentInformation-... If you were to undo that 3/5ths slavery effect, the Virginia:Delaware ratio becomes closer to 12.5:1. FWIW I agree Puerto Rico ought to be admitted, just as the Virgin Islands, Guam, and Mariana Islanders ought to be as well. France's DOM-TOM system seems like a better model to follow than America's, and it could still happen within our lifetimes; France made major reforms here within the last few decades: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_France https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_France