50/50 - as with most things, the initial breakthroughs took 10+ years in public labs (e.g. the work by Kariko & Weissman), and one it was clear that the new ide

50/50 - as with most things, the initial breakthroughs took 10+ years in public labs (e.g. the work by Kariko & Weissman), and one it was clear that the new idea works and roughly how it could be used, it took 10 or so years in private labs to make it practical and scalable. Also, it's not exactly accurate to view something as "developed in public lab" or "developed in private lab", as often (also in this case) the research is done by the same people but they do the early stage in a public lab and then move on to (or create) a private lab for the later stage of technological readiness.