Slight correction: Sputnik V (and the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine) uses cDNA as the genetic payload, not mRNA. The adenovirus injects the cDNA into the nucleus,

Slight correction: Sputnik V (and the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine) uses cDNA as the genetic payload, not mRNA. The adenovirus injects the cDNA into the nucleus, where it is translated into mRNA, which migrates into the cytoplasm, where the rest is similar to Pfizer & Moderna.