It's actually a bit more complicated. Since DALL-E uses CLIP for training, and CLIP is itself trained using separate text and image encoders: https://openai.com

It's actually a bit more complicated. Since DALL-E uses CLIP for training, and CLIP is itself trained using separate text and image encoders: https://openai.com/blog/clip/ https://openai.com/blog/clip/ At some point we'll have so many models based on so many other models it will longer longer be possible to tell which techniques are really involved.