All models are wrong, but some are useful. I'm with you, we use probability to wave away effects we don't understand or cannot measure. There's a flat rate pro

All models are wrong, but some are useful. I'm with you, we use probability to wave away effects we don't understand or cannot measure. There's a flat rate probability that each of us has cancer right now, when perfect knowledge of our bodies could answer the question precisely. Each doctor exam we have reduces or increases that probability until we subjectively understand it's time to sample a point of the body and know for certain. The local sample is related to the larger system, and the hidden variable (cancer or not). The local sample at the time of capture has a probability of being malignant. We measure directly and back propagate the results to the system. But, unintuitively, there's been some famous results that seemingly preclude a deterministic explanation of quantum mechanics. See: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable_theory - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem