Common law fraud is hard to prove in the US. All of the elements listed below must be proven. However, some of the comments here describe behavior that comes p

Common law fraud is hard to prove in the US. All of the elements listed below must be proven. However, some of the comments here describe behavior that comes pretty close. (1) a representation of fact; (2) its falsity; (3) its materiality; (4) the representer’s knowledge of its falsity or ignorance of its truth; (5) the representer’s intent that it should be acted upon by the person in the manner reasonably contemplated; (6) the injured party’s ignorance of its falsity; (7) the injured party’s reliance on its truth; (8) the injured party’s right to rely thereon; and (9) the injured party’s consequent and proximate injury.