I think body fat percentage is a reasonable metric but even that isn't absolute. For example, studies on Sumo wrestlers in Japan found that while they had lots

I think body fat percentage is a reasonable metric but even that isn't absolute. For example, studies on Sumo wrestlers in Japan found that while they had lots of fat, they didn't suffer from the adverse affects of obesity while they maintained their active workout schedule. Once they left the career and stopped exercising, the obesity related health problems showed up. Exercise and activity play a significant role in overall health, not just fat percentage and weight. https://www.businessinsider.com/sumo-wrestlers-obesity-diet-calories-exercise-symptoms-2019-3#:~:text=CT%20scans%20reveal%20that%20sumo,much%20visceral%20fat%20at%20all.&text=That's%20why%20scientists%20think%20sumo,%2C%20heart%20attack%2C%20and%20stroke https://www.businessinsider.com/sumo-wrestlers-obesity-diet-....