I think author misses crucial point while using OFFSET. At least postgres doc has this to say (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/queries-limit.html https://www

I think author misses crucial point while using OFFSET. At least postgres doc has this to say (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/queries-limit.html https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/queries-limit.html) When using LIMIT, it is important to use an ORDER BY clause that constrains the result rows into a unique order. Otherwise you will get an unpredictable subset of the query's rows. You might be asking for the tenth through twentieth rows, but tenth through twentieth in what ordering? The ordering is unknown, unless you specified ORDER BY. And looks like pagination queries provided by author do not take sorting in to account, which means that items on page 100 will be with id greater than 10000, but in undefined order. explain analyze select id from product where id > 10000 limit 100