It depends on the nature of the infectious disease and how quickly vaccines and therapeutics are developed. When vaccines are delivered - especially in places

It depends on the nature of the infectious disease and how quickly vaccines and therapeutics are developed. When vaccines are delivered - especially in places where supply chains are less developed - it's important to consider how to get them into the arms where they'll give the most benefit. Part of this is trying to focus vaccines on sub-populations that aren't already herd immune from acquired immunity. This concept is called "overshoot" (ie, you don't want to "overshoot" immunity in some sub-populations, leaving others without enough vaccine supply). There are epidemiologists who specialize specifically on overshoot, as it is one of the key problems in infectious disease response in developing nations.