To a large extent this is mitigated by having removable batteries. From what I've heard the Nexus 10 perhaps is a notable exception where the available alternat

To a large extent this is mitigated by having removable batteries. From what I've heard the Nexus 10 perhaps is a notable exception where the available alternate batteries aren't very good; mine needs a new battery but I don't really use it enough to justify one plus it's a somewhat more involved process than just popping it out. I'm still using a Note 3 from 2013, it's on its third battery (though the second probably could have been fine another year or more). I also recently upgraded it to Android 10 (LineageOS) -- the last supported Android OS was 5. It's a small pain to backup and restore, it's nicer to have a simple OS upgrade that preserves apps/data, but it's a viable option for many old devices. It's enough choice for me to decide between trying to limp along with outdated software (many random app crashes went away after upgrading), upgrading the OS yourself, and buying a new device.