Ask HN: Quantitative comparison of permaculture and industrial farming

I am new to permaculture but would like to get a better feeling for if and how mid- to large-scale commercial permaculture farms could feed the world (in a hopefully much more sustainable way). In particular, I am interested in quantitative studies of the following two questions: * How does the biomass produced per unit area compares between permaculture and modern industrial farms? * How does the cost structure of mid-scale permaculture farms compare to modern industrial farms? If more general studies are hard to get, I am also fine with case studies. So far I have been unable to locate satisfactory studies on these rather central questions. Any pointers are highly appreciated. PS: This is a cross-posting of a question I posted on the sustainability stackexchange (https://sustainability.stackexchange.com/questions/10420/quantitative-comparison-of-the-economics-and-output-of-permaculture-versus-indus).