I did big data at one of the biggest European telcos. The only thing that kept any of it on prem was capex Vs opex (and we had sunk capex so that wasn't coming

I did big data at one of the biggest European telcos. The only thing that kept any of it on prem was capex Vs opex (and we had sunk capex so that wasn't coming back into the budget) AT&T claimed their Hadoop installation was ten times bigger than ours, but it was still will within the parameters of any of the hyperscalers.