Drug and vaccine trials also carry some risk, but are allowed by ethics committees. Placebo surgery trials would also benefit humanity a lot in better focused

Drug and vaccine trials also carry some risk, but are allowed by ethics committees. Placebo surgery trials would also benefit humanity a lot in better focused efforts, money and saving future patients from having to undergo useless surgery and take risks. Somehow you imply it's ethical to try and fix a patient with a potentially sham surgery and risk complications, but it's unethical to do it with placebo thereby gaining knowledge that can save lots of lives down the line. I guess it's a kind of trolley problem but have those been "solved"? Who decides if it's ethical or not? Why are they qualified to make such a decision?