Adjuvants are not toxic, they're simply known to enhance the immune system response (so they are something that indicates danger to the immune system). The immu

Adjuvants are not toxic, they're simply known to enhance the immune system response (so they are something that indicates danger to the immune system). The immune system is incredibly dangerous and destructive, and you really don't want to trigger it without reason. So injecting something unknown might not be enough to get the immune system fully alarmed, that's why some vaccines add adjuvants to produce a stronger response. RNA can be an adjuvant by itself, as it's also a typical component of viruses and the immune system reacts to that. So the trick really is to design the RNA and the delivery system so that it produces an immune response of the right magnitude. Too weak and it doesn't work, too strong and it's harmful. Antibodies that bind to your own proteins are filtered in an earlier stage in antibody production. Real viral proteins are also produced by your own cells, so that is never a factor by which you could distinguish friend from foe.