> papers about programming languages that attempt to use data to make arguments about productivity, safety, etc. always seem unconvincing to me Productivity an

> papers about programming languages that attempt to use data to make arguments about productivity, safety, etc. always seem unconvincing to me Productivity and safety are aspects of human interaction. No programming language is safe, or productive in a vacuum. It is impossible to make claims about safety or productivity in a programming language without relating them to human use.