What is "in" and what is "out" of academia. Plenty of important research has been conducted in industry, for centuries, from the invention of student's t test

What is "in" and what is "out" of academia. Plenty of important research has been conducted in industry, for centuries, from the invention of student's t test through everything that irving langmuir discovered and nyquist sampling theorem. Some things have been discovered in "basically not academia", too, like the chemiosmotic effect.